Ella Fitzgerald website. It is located southeast of the main entrance to the Amtrak/Metro-North Railroad station in front of the city's old trolley barn. [61] In March 1990, she appeared at the Royal Albert Hall in London, England, with the Count Basie Orchestra for the launch of Jazz FM, plus a gala dinner at the Grosvenor House Hotel at which she performed. It was in this period that Fitzgerald started including scat singing as a major part of her performance repertoire. "[12] Frank Sinatra, out of respect for Fitzgerald, prohibited Capitol Records from re-releasing his own recordings in separate albums for individual composers in the same way. Initially living in a single room, her mother and Da Silva soon found jobs and Ella's half-sister, Frances Da Silva, was born in 1923. Possibly Fitzgerald's greatest unrealized collaboration (in terms of popular music) was a studio or live album with Frank Sinatra. NPR. Her audiences were as diverse as her vocal range. "[64] Her funeral was private,[64] and she was buried at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California. Verve Records was sold to MGM in 1960 for $3 million and in 1967 MGM failed to renew Fitzgerald's contract. The marriage was annulled in 1942. Despite the tough crowd, Ella was a major success, and Chick hired her to travel with the band for $12.50 a week. [66], Fitzgerald was notoriously shy. reinc: The story of a company founded by four US Womens National Team soccer players seeking to challenge norms and inspire lasting progress. [87][88], On April 25, 2017, the centenary of her birth, UK's BBC Radio 2 broadcast three programmes as part of an "Ella at 100" celebration: Ella Fitzgerald Night, introduced by Jamie Cullum; Remembering Ella; introduced by Leo Green; and Ella Fitzgerald the First Lady of Song, introduced by Petula Clark. He ensured Fitzgerald was to receive equal pay and accommodations regardless of her sex and race. In 1955, Granz created Verve Records for Fitzgerald to expand her repertoire from bebop to other genres of music. By 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School . It was one of her most prized moments. It celebrated what would have been her 96th birthday. Granz helped solidify her position as one of the leading live jazz performers. After gaining much fame from singing her own renditions of famous jazz songs, Fitzgerald began appearing on television shows like The Bing Crosby Show, "The Frank Sinatra Show," and "The Ed Sullivan Show." [52] In the commercials, she sang a note that shattered a glass while being recorded on a Memorex cassette tape. Settling in Yonkers, they eventually moved in with Tempie's long-term boyfriend Joseph Da Silva. It was the 26th time she performed there. The composers and lyricists spotlighted on each set, taken together, represent the greatest part of the cultural canon known as the Great American Songbook. Her first career aspiration was to become a . Her manager, Norman Granz, was adamant about protecting his colleagues from discrimination, but it did not stop it from happening. While recording the Song Books and the occasional studio album, Fitzgerald toured 40 to 45 weeks per year in the United States and internationally, under the tutelage of Norman Granz. [11], Fitzgerald began skipping school, and her grades suffered. The statue's location is one of 14 tour stops on the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County. [2] She was the daughter of William Fitzgerald and Temperance "Tempie" Henry, both described as "mulatto" in the 1920 census. Le couple part s'installer Yonkers dans le comt de Westchester, prs de New York o Ella grandit. Ella Fitzgerald website. Although "reluctant to sign herbecause she was gawky and unkempt, a 'diamond in the rough,'"[9] Webb offered her the opportunity to test with his band at a dance at Yale University. She was a meritorious student at school. To support the family, Joe dug ditches and was a part-time chauffeur, while Tempie worked at a laundromat and did some catering. . Take the ingenious prologue [or] take the fleeting scenes when the wonderful Ella Fitzgerald, allotted a few spoken lines, fills the screen and sound track with her strong mobile features and voice. Ella's mother and her new partner, a Portuguese immigrant named Joseph da Silva, moved to Yonkers, in Westchester County, New York. . She credited the book for helping her to break through with non-jazz audiences. Her accolades included 14 Grammy Awards, the National Medal of Arts, the NAACP's inaugural President's Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. [14] When the orphanage proved too crowded, she was moved to the New York Training School for Girls, a state reformatory school in Hudson, New York. Ella Fitzgerald was born on April 25, 1917, in Newport News, Virginia to mother, Temperance (Tempie) Henry and father, William Fitzgerald. The pair separated soon after her birth, and Ella and her mother went to Yonkers, New York, where they eventually moved in with Tempie's longtime boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. Chicago- Angelucci, Ashley. There are several live albums on Verve that are highly regarded by critics. She loved the Boswell Sisters' lead singer Connee Boswell, later saying, "My mother brought home one of her records, and I fell in love with itI tried so hard to sound just like her. Her father, William, and mother, Temperance (Tempie), parted ways shortly afterward. Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Virginia, the child of a common-law marriage between William and Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald. [3] She and her mother then moved to Yonkers, New York to live with her significant other, Joseph Da Silva and they shortly gave birth to Fitzgerald's half sister Frances. Her first marriage was in 1941, to Benny Kornegay, a convicted drug dealer and local dockworker. Wikimedia Commons. Shortly afterward, Da Silva suffered a fatal heart attack. Fueled by enthusiastic supporters, Ella began entering and winning every talent show she could find. Unable to adjust to the new circumstances, Ella became increasingly unhappy and entered into a difficult period of her life. The 15-year-old found herself broke and alone during the Great Depression, and strove to endure. ", Wilson, John S. "A Tribute to Fitzgerald With Heart and Soul.". [2] At the age of six, she began her formal education and moved through a variety of schools before attending Benjamin Franklin Junior High School from 2017. She never fully recovered from the surgery, and afterward, was rarely able to perform. Joseph Da Silva. Her parents were unmarried but lived together in the East End section of Newport News for at least two and a half years after she was born. These partnerships produced some of her best-known songs such as "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)". In addition to her work with Webb, Fitzgerald performed and recorded with the Benny Goodman Orchestra. Mark, Geoffrey. Sa demi-sur Frances Da Silva nat en 1923. While on tour with Dizzy Gillespies band in 1946, Ella fell in love with bassist Ray Brown. 2022. Ella Fitzgerald Biography. Biography.com Website. She was laid to rest in the Sanctuary of the Bells section of the Sunset Mission Mausoleum at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, Calif. Emails will be sent by or on behalf of Universal Music Group 2220 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, CA 90404 (310) 865-4000. The series was wildly popular, both with Ellas fans and the artists she covered. In September of 1986, Ella underwent quintuple coronary bypass surgery. He is the adopted son of Raymond Brown and Ella Fitzgerald. Folk singer Odetta's album To Ella (1998) is dedicated to Fitzgerald, but features no songs associated with her. [15][16] She had intended to go on stage and dance, but she was intimidated by a local dance duo called the Edwards Sisters and opted to sing instead. Ella Fitzgerald had a son before she died nearly three decades ago and he ended up following in her musical footsteps. Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Va. on April 25, 1917. Tempie and her boyfriend Joseph Da Silva (a Portuguese immigrant and soon, the father of Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances) raised young Ella. In 1997, Newport News, Virginia created a week-long music festival with Christopher Newport University to honor Fitzgerald in her birth city. Ed Dwight created a series of over 70 bronze sculptures at the St. Louis Arch Museum at the request of the National Park Service; the series, "Jazz: An American Art Form", depicts the evolution of jazz and features various jazz performers, including Fitzgerald. Biography.com Editors. . She was the daughter of William Fitzgerald and Temperance "Tempie" Henry, both described as "mulatto" in the 1920 census. Duke Ellington and his longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn both appeared on exactly half the set's 38 tracks and wrote two new pieces of music for the album: "The E and D Blues" and a four-movement musical portrait of Fitzgerald. She obliged and sang the flip side of the Boswell Sisters record, The Object of My Affections.. By this time she was performing with Chicks band at the prestigious Harlems Savoy Ballroom, often referred to as The Worlds Most Famous Ballroom.. Fitzgerald went to go live with her aunt in Harlem. 2. Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, VA on April 25, 1917. [30] Producer Norman Granz became her manager in the mid-1940s after she began singing for Jazz at the Philharmonic, a concert series begun by Granz. She went to live in Yonkers, New York with her mother and her mother's boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. "She frequently used shorter, stabbing phrases, and her voice was harder, with a wider vibrato", one biographer wrote. Ella also began appearing on television variety shows. . "[54] Her last commercial campaign was for American Express, in which she was photographed by Annie Leibovitz. (Or rather, some might say all the jazz greats had the pleasure of working with Ella.). When she was a child, Ella Fitzgerald moved to Yonkers, N.Y., with her mother's boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. On stage, however, Ella was surprised to find she had no fear. Considered to be one of the most influential vocalists of the 20th century, she also was known as Lady Ella. (1947) was similarly popular and increased her reputation as one of the leading jazz vocalists.[31]. Additionally, when Frances died, Ella felt she had the additional responsibilities of taking care of her sisters family. [19], In January 1935, Fitzgerald won the chance to perform for a week with the Tiny Bradshaw band at the Harlem Opera House. When asked, Norman Granz would cite "complex contractual reasons" for the fact that the two artists never recorded together. [3] Her parents were unmarried but lived together in the East End section of Newport News[4] for at least two and a half years after she was born. "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" became a major hit on the radio and was also one of the biggest-selling records of the decade.[17][22]. Fitzgerald also faced racial discrimination while on tour. When the band was touring in Dallas, Texas, the police barged into Fitzgeralds dressing room and arrested her, Dizzy Gillespie, and Illinois Jacquetbecause of Granzs civil rights advocacy. When the band was touring in Dallas, Texas, the police barged into Fitzgeralds dressing room and arrested her, Dizzy Gillespie, and Illinois Jacquetbecause of Granzs civil rights advocacy. Fitzgerald felt at home on the stage and less self-conscious. By 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School Street, a poor Italian area. [62] In 1993, she had to have both of her legs amputated below the knee due to the effects of diabetes. A few years after she was born, her mother, Temperance Williams, moved north to Yonkers, New York, with Joe Da Silva, who fathered Fitzgerald's younger half-sister, Frances. By 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School Street, then a predominantly poor Italian area. In the band that night was saxophonist and arranger Benny Carter. She worked with all the jazz greats, from Duke Ellington, Count Basie and Nat King Cole, to Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie and Benny Goodman. Her 1945 recording of Flying Home was described as one of the most influential jazz recordings of the decade. If the kids like her, Chick said, she stays.. Gleason, Holly. The Song Book series ended up becoming the singer's most critically acclaimed and commercially successful work, and probably her most significant offering to American culture. Ella Fitzgerald was introduced to formal education when she was six. Ella Fitzgerald: A Biography of the First Lady of Jazz, Updated Edition. It was because of her that I played the Mocambo, a very popular nightclub in the 50s. Though the relationship ended after a year, Fitzgerald regularly returned to Denmark over the next three years and even considered buying a jazz club there. I just want to smell the air, listen to the birds and hear Alice laugh, she said. Discovered in an amateur contest, she went on to become the top female jazz singer for. The world responded with memorials and gratitude for the revolutionary gifts she gave to the world. In her lifetime, she won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 million albums. Ella Fitzgerald was an African-American Jazz singer. She began her formal education at the age of six and was an outstanding student, moving through a variety of schools before attending Benjamin Franklin Junior High School in 1929. . The owner said yes, and Marilyn was there, front table, every night. Fitzgerald also had celebrity supporters, such a Marilyn Monroe, who personally called venues to make sure they booked her for performances. She was also frequently featured on The Ed Sullivan Show. They lived there with her mother's boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. Initially living in a single room, her mother and Da Silva soon found jobs and Ella's half-sister, Frances Da Silva, was born in 1923. As a child, Fitzgerald wanted to be a dancer, but when she panicked . In 1991, she gave her final concert at New Yorks renowned Carnegie Hall. As a result, they were stranded in Honolulu for three days before they could get another flight to Sydney. Her grades dropped dramatically, and she frequently skipped school. [13] When the authorities caught up with her, she was placed in the Colored Orphan Asylum in Riverdale in the Bronx. The family grew in 1923 with the arrival of Fitzgerald's half-sister Frances. Pianist Paul Smith has said, "Ella loved working with [Frank]. Ella had one sister: Frances Da Silva . Accessed March 19, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2019/09/05/749021799/the-joy-of-ella-fitzgeralds-accessible-elegance. [52] The stamp was released in April 2007 as part of the Postal Service's Black Heritage series. in Westchester County, New York. After moving to California when he was 10, Ray discovered a passion for the drums and for singing. Norman saw that Ella had what it took to be an international star, and he convinced Ella to sign with him. [89], In 2019, Ella Fitzgerald: Just One of Those Things, a documentary by Leslie Woodhead, was released in the UK. They divorced in 1952. [2] By 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School Street, then a predominantly poor Italian area. Right here at FameChain. In school, Fitzgerald sang in the glee club, but her real . In Yonkers, the woman met an immigrant from Portugal, and after six years, Ella had a half-sister, Frances Da Silva. However, they stayed friends for the rest of their lives. Britannica. Fitzgerald and her family had moved to an impoverished Italian neighborhood near College Street by 1925. Britannica. They lived there with her mother's boyfriend, Joseph Da Silva. In fact, many of them had just one binding factor in common they all loved her. Fitzgerald and Pass appeared together on the albums, Fitzgerald and Duke Ellington recorded two live albums and two studio albums. On March 15, 1955, Ella Fitzgerald opened her initial engagement at the Mocambo nightclub in Hollywood,[36][37] after Marilyn Monroe lobbied the owner for the booking. After a private memorial service, traffic on the freeway was stopped to let her funeral procession pass through. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her sixty-year career. During her adolescence, Tempie Fitzgerald was very active in sports. [78], Fitzgerald won 13 Grammy Awards,[79] and received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1967. The two appeared on the same stage only periodically over the years, in television specials in 1958 and 1959, and again on 1967's A Man and His Music + Ella + Jobim, a show that also featured Antnio Carlos Jobim. Together they adopted a child born to Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances, whom they christened Ray Brown Jr. With Fitzgerald and Brown often busy touring and recording, the child was largely raised by his mother's aunt, Virginia. NPR. The show was so successful that Webb offered to pay Fitzgerald to sing with the band at Harlems Savoy Ballroom. Worth To Know She died of stroke in 1996. Explore genealogy for Ella Fitzgerald born 1917 Warwick, Virginia, United States died 1996 Beverly Hills, Los Angeles, California, United States including ancestors + 2 photos + 2 genealogist comments + questions + more in the free family tree community. Webb had hired a lead male singer for the band but he was still searching for a female singer. Frances, Fitzgeralds half-sister, was born in 1923. [68] In 1949, Norman Granz recruited Fitzgerald for the Jazz at the Philharmonic tour. She also had a half-sister, Frances Da Silva. Fitzgerald's most famous collaborations were with the vocal quartet Bill Kenny & the Ink Spots, trumpeter Louis Armstrong, the guitarist Joe Pass, and the bandleaders Count Basie and Duke Ellington. Photography by William P. Gottlieb. Ella Fitzgerald was born in 1917 in Newport News, Virginia, United States to William and Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald. She could sing sultry ballads, sweet jazz and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. From 1956-1964, she recorded covers of other musicians albums, including those by Cole Porter, Duke Ellington, the Gershwins, Johnny Mercer, Irving Berlin, and Rodgers and Hart. Frances da Silva, her half-sister, was born in 1923 and remained close to her throughout her life. France followed suit several years later, presenting her with their Commander of Arts and Letters award, while Yale, Dartmouth and several other universities bestowed Ella with honorary doctorates. Photo Credit:Ella Fitzgerald, November 1946. In 2012, Rod Stewart performed a "virtual duet" with Ella Fitzgerald on his Christmas album Merry Christmas, Baby, and his television special of the same name. Born in Newport News, Va., in 1917, Fitzgerald came north with her mother, Temperance "Tempie" Fitzgerald, and stepfather, Joseph da Silva, when she was 2, at the start of the Great Migration. Accessed March 20, 2022. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ella-Fitzgerald. Once in custody, the authorities sent fifteen-year-old Fitzgerald to reform school in Hudson, New York. [7] The church provided Fitzgerald with her earliest experiences in music. [75][76][77], The primary collections of Fitzgerald's media and memorabilia reside at and are shared between the Smithsonian Institution and the US Library of Congress. Her material at this time represented a departure from her typical jazz repertoire. A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement and was the first American woman to wina Nobel Peace Prize. African-American singers Herb Jeffries,[39] Eartha Kitt,[40] and Joyce Bryant[41] all played the Mocambo in 1952 and 1953, according to stories published at the time in Jet magazine and Billboard. Here Ella sang for the first time, gently repeating gospels after the church choir. She recorded several albums with piano accompaniment, but a guitar proved the perfect melodic foil for her. In her youth Fitzgerald wanted to be a dancer, although she loved listening to jazz recordings by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby and The Boswell Sisters. After moving to California when he was 10, Ray discovered a passion for the drums and for singing. Sale. Although the four members of Fitzgerald's entourage Fitzgerald, her pianist John Lewis, her assistant (and cousin) Georgiana Henry, and manager Norman Granz all had first-class tickets on their scheduled Pan-American Airlines flight from Honolulu to Australia, they were ordered to leave the aircraft after they had already boarded and were refused permission to re-board the aircraft to retrieve their luggage and clothing. When she studied in third grade, she developed an interest in dancing and idolized Earl Snakehips Tucker. Ella Fitzgerald. [5] Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Virginia on April 25, 1917 to her mother Temperance and her father William, who abandon them soon afterwards. After that, I never had to play a small jazz club again. Ella Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Virginia on April 25, 1918. The two women remained close for the rest of Fitzgeralds life. By 1925, Fitzgerald and her family had moved to nearby School Street, a poor Italian area. Norman wasnt the only one willing to stand up for Ella. Fitzgerald's half-sister, Frances Da . She felt at home in the spotlight. [3] Her half-sister, Frances da Silva, whom she stayed close to for all of her life, was born in 1923. siblings: Frances Da Silva children: Ray Brown Jr. Born Country: United States Jazz Singers American Women Height: 5'5" (165 cm ), 5'5" Females Died on: June 15, 1996 place of death: Beverly Hills, California, United States U.S. State: Virginia Cause of Death: Stroke City: Newport News, Virginia Recommended Lists: American Celebrities The theater is located several blocks away from her birthplace on Marshall Avenue. Fitzgerald also had celebrity supporters, such a Marilyn Monroe, who personally called venues to make sure they booked her for performances. Paganini)". ella had one child that she adopted from her sister Frances da silva. In 1955, Granz created Verve Records for Fitzgerald to expand her repertoire from bebop to other genres of music. She was the daughter of William Fitzgerald and Temperance Henry but had Frances Da Silva as a half-sister through her stepdad, Joseph Da Silva. She drew inspiration from Connee Boswell of The Boswell Sisters, one of her mothers favorite groups, and sang the song Judy by Hoagy Carmichael. [65] Her second marriage was in December 1947, to the famous bass player Ray Brown, whom she had met while on tour with Dizzy Gillespie's band a year earlier. The 1940s ushered in the bebop style of jazz; Fitzgerald adopted it and excelled. I took a look on the Ella wiki page some weeks ago and didn't recall seeing that info there. Impressed with her natural talent, he began introducing Ella to people who could help launch her career. Accessed March 19, 2022. http://www.ellafitzgerald.com/about/biography. The following year she again performed with Joe Pass on German television station NDR in Hamburg. Ella Fitzgerald Ella was born on April 25, 1917 She was born in Newport News, Virginia Her parents were William and Tempie Fitzgerald Her Father left the family They then moved to Yonkers, New York 2 Family She has a brother and a sister, Joseph Da Silva. The press went overboard. In his absence the band was renamed Ella Fitzgerald and Her Famous Band, and she took on the overwhelming task of bandleader. Vertamae Smart-Grosvenor: Culinary Anthropologist, Towards Hawaiian Sovereignty: Legacy of Dr. Haunani-Kay Trask, Dr. Wangari Maathai: The story of a leader in social, environmental, and political activism and first African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, Chronicles of American Women: Your History Makers, Women Writing History: A Coronavirus Journaling Project, We Who Believe in Freedom: Black Feminist DC, Learning Resources on Women's Political Participation. [8], Fitzgerald listened to jazz recordings by Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, and The Boswell Sisters. Struggling financially, the young Fitzgerald helped her family out by working as a messenger "running numbers" and acting as a lookout for a brothel. Fitzgerald experienced a troubled childhood that began with her parents separating shortly after her birth. Ella Fitzgerald 1917 1996 Ella Fitzgerald in Biographical Summaries of Notable People Ella Fitzgerald was born on April 25 1917, in Newport News, to William Fitzgerald and Temperance Fitzgerald . In mid 1936, Ella made her first recording. Frances Da Silva Age. Fitzgerald also faced racial discrimination while on tour. [9] In 1961 Fitzgerald bought a house in the Klampenborg district of Copenhagen, Denmark, after she began a relationship with a Danish man. anyway, thanks. While Fitzgerald appeared in films and as a guest on popular television shows in the second half of the twentieth century, her musical collaborations with Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and The Ink Spots were some of her most notable acts outside her solo career. Ella Jane Fitzgerald was born in Newport News, Virginia on April 25, 1917. Frances da Silva's uncles and aunts: Sinatra gave her his dressing-room on A Man and His Music and couldn't do enough for her." A later collection devoted to a single composer was released during her time with Pablo Records, Ella Abraa Jobim, featuring the songs of Antnio Carlos Jobim. She later described the period as strategically crucial, saying, "I had gotten to the point where I was only singing be-bop. Fitzgerald continued to live with Da Silva for the year, but soon travelled to an aunt in Harlem. Fitzgerald features on one track on Basie's 1957 album, Fitzgerald and Joe Pass recorded four albums together toward the end of Fitzgerald's career. During this period, she had her last US chart single with a cover of Smokey Robinson's "Get Ready", previously a hit for the Temptations, and some months later a top-five hit for Rare Earth. The family grew in 1923 with the arrival of Fitzgerald's half-sister Frances. Her manager, Norman Granz, was adamant about protecting his colleagues from discrimination, but it did not stop it from happening. Ella quickly quieted the audience, and by the songs end they were demanding an encore. The New York Times wrote in 1996, "These albums were among the first pop records to devote such serious attention to individual songwriters, and they were instrumental in establishing the pop album as a vehicle for serious musical exploration. In 1986, she underwent quintuple bypass surgery and rested for a scant nine months before booking performances again. She lived in a diverse neighborhood and made friends easily by playing games and sports in the street. [83] Fitzgerald is also referred to in the 1976 Stevie Wonder hit "Sir Duke" from his album Songs in the Key of Life, and the song "I Love Being Here With You", written by Peggy Lee and Bill Schluger. Ella Fitzgerald turned to singing after a troubled childhood and debuted at the Apollo Theater in 1934. Nat King Cole, Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra and many others were regular visitors during his childhood. Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. [11] This seemingly swift change in her circumstances, reinforced by what Fitzgerald biographer Stuart Nicholson describes as rumors of "ill treatment" by her stepfather, leaves him to speculate that Da Silva might have abused her. The two women remained close for the rest of Fitzgerald's life. Ella in Berlin is still one of her best-selling albums; it includes a Grammy-winning performance of "Mack the Knife" in which she forgets the lyrics but improvises to compensate. https://www.biography.com/musician/ella-fitzgerald. Abigail Adams was an early advocate for women's rights. Raymond was born in 1949 in New York City, NY. Drawing influence from touring with Dizzy Gillespie, Fitzgerald gained major acclaim in the world of jazz with her scat singing and unique style that inspired singers like Louis Armstrong. With her Methodist family, she was. [70], Bill Reed, author of Hot from Harlem: Twelve African American Entertainers, referred to Fitzgerald as the "Civil Rights Crusader", facing discrimination throughout her career. Fitzgerald and Browns busy schedules took a toll on their relationship with their son and their marriage. Granz required promoters to ensure that there was no "colored" or "white" seating.
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